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ГЃlvarezвЂ™s defection was the first baseball-related defection to take place under the embargo. from his native Cuba, Rogelio ГЃlvarez defected from Cuba in 1963 to continue playing with the Washington Senators. After the Cuban government refused to allow him to return to the U.S. Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Congress authorized the President to вЂњestablish and maintain a total embargo upon all trade between the United States and Cuba.вЂќ The impact of the embargo was felt immediately, as Cuban players could no longer be signed directly out of Cuba.

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The free flow of Cuban baseball players to and from America effectively ended in 1961 with the establishment of the Cuban Embargo under President John F. government and MLB policy, how baseball has been used as a diplomatic tool, why and how players defect, the MLB-FCB deal struck in 2018, and how the Trump administrationвЂ™s invalidation of the deal impacts prospects for normalized relations. Before the deal could take effect, however, the Trump administration nixed the agreement, leaving Cuban baseball players and MLB stuck in the middle of an ongoing diplomatic struggle characterized by inconsistent government policies toward Cuban migrants and MLB policies that favor human trafficking. After two years of negotiations, a deal was reached between MLB and the FCB in December 2018. Players often rely on human traffickers and legal loopholes in order to make their way from Cuba to the United States and the Major Leagues.Дuring a period of dГ©tente in 2014, the Obama administration permitted Major League Baseball (MLB) to negotiate an agreement with the FederaciГіn Cubana de BГ©isbol or Cuban Baseball Federation (FCB) to allow Cuban baseball players to travel to America and play in the Major Leagues without defecting from Cuba.

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After the 1959 Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro banned professional baseball in favor of an amateur system played simply for вЂњthe love of the game.вЂќ Despite being labeled as traidores al bГ©isbol or вЂњbaseball traitorsвЂќ by the Castro regime, dozens of Cuban baseball players have defected from the island since 1960 for the chance to compete in America. Likewise, American players often traveled to Cuba to play in the Cuban winter leagues. For the next 80 years, Cuban baseball players freely signed contracts with American teams. in 1876, and the first Cuban league was established only two years later. The National League was established in the U.S.

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The crack of a bat hitting a ball has long been a familiar sound in New York City as well as Havana.

This cancelation has negatively affected prospects for normalized relations between the United States and Cuba. The 2018 MLB-FCB deal that would have permitted Cuban ballplayers to play in America was canceled by the Trump administration before it could take effect. American government laws and corporate MLB policies, however, have created a system where Cuban players must defect from the island, often by working with human traffickers, to play baseball in the United States. The common language of baseball has been used as a diplomatic wedge between the two nations. Since the 1960s, Cold War tensions between the United States and Cuba have left ordinary Cubans as well as athletes as pawns in an ideological struggle.

Nathan Bader gave a lecture on this topic at IWP in May 2020. This article was originally published in the Summer 2020 edition of IWPвЂ™s student journal, Active Measures.